The data is gathered from the three short stories which are retrieved from. Marxist criticism and qualitative method are applied. The researcher focuses on the issues of classes namely the perspectives toward the bourgeoisie in Maxim Gorky’s The Billionaire, the struggle of the proletariat in Maxim Gorky’s The Affair of the Clasp, and social injustice faced by the proletariat in Leo Tolstoy’s The Young Tsar. Worse, a state even supports the capitalists to secure their power and wealth. Exploitation of the lower classes by the upper classes is very common. ![]() ![]() Social classes are divided into the upper classes, who owns means of production, (the bourgeoisie or the capitalists) and the lower classes (the proletariat or laborers).
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